These patients with either "latent autoimmune diabetes in adulthood" or type 1 diabetes mellitus, may be distinguished from those patients with type 2 diabetes by detection of 1 or more islet autoantibodies, including ZnT8 antibody.(2-5) Patients with gestational diabetes can also be stratified for future diabetes risk by detection of 1 or more islet autoantibodies (including ZnT8 antibody). Zinc Transporter 8 (ZnT8) Antibody - Patient population is primarily children and adolescents to confirm a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. Zinc transporter-8 autoantibodies improve prediction of type 1 diabetes in relatives positive for the standard biochemical autoantibodies In relatives with one standard BAA, ZnT8A identified a subset at higher diabetes risk. Because of symptom-onset in adulthood, societal obesity, and initial insulin-independence, some patients with type 1 diabetes are initially diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes. Levels of zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A) between radiobinding assay (RBA) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assay were compared in 135 children from A, the Autoimmunity Screening for Kids (ASK) study, and in 123 children from B, the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY). Specimen Preparation Transfer 0.5 mL serum to an ARUP Standard Transport Tube. Specimen Required Patient Preparation Collect Serum separator tube or plain red. These antibodies are also detectable in relatives of type 1 diabetic patients at risk for developing diabetes, before clinical onset. ZNT8 AB Methodology Semi-Quantitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Performed Wed Reported 1-8 days New York DOH Approval Status This test is New York DOH approved. One or more of these autoantibodies are detected in 93% to 96% of patients with type 1 diabetes, both adults and children. These findings have been confirmed in multiple specialty laboratories internationally. Zinc Transporter 8 (ZnT8) Antibody - Patient population is primarily children and adolescents to confirm a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. Only 4% to 7% of patients with type 1 diabetes are autoantibody negative, fewer than 10% have only 1 marker, and around 70% have 3 or 4 markers. These include the insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2), glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), insulin, and, most recently, the zinc transporter ZnT8. Islet cell autoantibodies have been known to be associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus since the 1970s.(1) Since 1988, several autoantigens against which islet antibodies are directed have been identified. Chapter 1 aims to investigate whether ZnT8 autoantibodies are similar to established autoantibodies against GAD and IA-2 as a biomarker in differentiating T1D patients from MODY patients.
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